Franz Joseph Haydn: Difference between revisions

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==Synopsis==
==Synopsis==
?Nationality? ?composer, organist, and/or teacher or?
Austrian classical composer who invented the Sonata-Allegro form.
* ?birth year? born in ?birth city?
* Born March 31, 1732 in Rohrau, Austria
* ?year of event? ?city of event? ?short description of event?
* 1739-1749 Haydn became a choirboy at Stephansdom in Vienna, where his musical education was directed by Georg Reutter. He studied singing, harpsichord, and violin, and sang both at St. Stephan's and at the court of Maria Theresa.
* ?year of event? ?city of event? ?short description of event?
* 1751-1760 Haydn was a freelance musician, teacher, and composer in Vienna. At first he lived in Michaelerhaus, attached to Vienna's Michaelerkirche, in what he described as squalid conditions, making his living initially as a private music teacher, composing late at night. As time went on, however, he made many musical friends, enjoyed some temporary patronage, and received advice on composition from the famous Italian musician Porpora. His Organ Concerto in C major, H XVIII:1, was dated 1756, and his compositional output "increased exponentially" (see the Oxford article cited below) during this time.
* ?year of death? died in ?city of death?
*26 November 1760 Haydn was married to Maria Anna Aloysia Apollonia Keller. The marriage was unhappy, and the couple had no children.
* 1761-1790 Haydn enjoyed the patronage of the Esterhazy court, first as vice-Kapellmeister, the Kapellmeister, and later as a freelance composer. He became responsible all instrumental, vocal, and stage music at the court, secular at first, then later sacred as well after the elderly Kapellmeister passed away and Haydn succeeded him. Haydn's early compositions at court included many symphonies as well as solo instrumental works. He followed the court as it moved throughout the year, living in Esterhaza castle, Eisenstadt, and Vienna.
*1766-1790 Haydn became Kapellmeister and began composing many religious works, including the Great Organ Mass and the Little Organ Mass. Haydn's religious compositions usually included voices, orchestra, and organ obligato. The organ part was often played by Haydn himself.
*1776-1783 The Esterhazy's built a stage at Esterhaza Castle and began living there nearly all year. Haydn began composing numerous operas, and his symphonic and other instrumental work declined during this period. However, in 1783, Haydn stopped composing operas.
*1779-1790 Haydn became able to support himself through the sale and performance of his instrumental works. During this time period much of his musical life occurred in Vienna, although he still spent most of the year in the country at Esterhaza. In Vienna he became friends with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and met the young Ludwig van Beethoven.
*1791-1795 Haydn travelled and worked in London, where he composed his works for "Flute Clock," or mechanical flute organ, along with numerous other famous works. In London he experienced the height of his fame and of his compositional output.
*1792 Haydn began teaching Beethoven.
*1795 Haydn, now famous, returned to Vienna full-time.
*1797 Haydn composed his oratorio, "The Creation."
*1799-1803 Haydn's musical activity declined due to age. By 1803 he no longer composed.
* Died May 31, 1809 in Vienna, Austria


For details, see the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach Wikipedia article on Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach].
For details, see the Wikipedia article on Joseph Haydn[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Haydn].
 
All Music article on Haydn's musical importance http://www.allmusic.com/artist/franz-joseph-haydn-mn0000168380/biography
 
Oxford Music Online biography of Haydn (subscription required) http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/44593?q=Haydn&search=quick&pos=2&_start=1#firsthit


==List of Organ Works==
==List of Organ Works==
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==Background and General Perspectives on Performing Haydn Organ Works==
Here are some general distinguishing characteristics of Haydn's organ works:
Replace this text with any general perspectives that do not fit under the categories listed below.  ''(For comments on a specific piece or genre, use the list of pieces above to navigate to that page.)''
*Sonata-Allegro form, often lacking secondary themes in the exposition, with the development more contrapuntal
*Registration relatively simple, often for flutes or clear principals
*less or no pedal use, “easy” keys due to Haydn's keyboard inclinations and also to the restrictions imposed by organs he had access to (shortened keyboards and incomplete pedal ranks)
*lots of "filigree" flourishes in manual work.


==Registration and Organs==
==Registration and Organs==
Replace this text with information on registration and organs that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces
Early in his career, Haydn lived near and played the organ at Michaelerkirche in Vienna, which is still extant. This organ has 2 manuals and a set of pedals, each of which is shortened and only includes select notes below A 110 Hz at the 8' pitch. This organ is consistent with Haydn's organ compositions in both range and registration possibilities.
 
Here are some photos of the Michaelerkirche organ:
[[File:Example.jpg]]
 
[[File:Example.jpg]]
 
[[File:Example.jpg]]


''See the footnote in the "Notes" section at the bottom of the page<ref>This footnote was entered in the "Registration and Organs" section</ref>''
''See the footnote in the "Notes" section at the bottom of the page<ref>This footnote was entered in the "Registration and Organs" section</ref>''
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Replace this text with information on tempo and meter that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces
Replace this text with information on tempo and meter that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces


==Scores and Editions==
*32 pieces for mechanical flute organ (Spieluhrstücke)
Replace this text with information on scores and editions that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces
http://imslp.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6tenuhrst%C3%BCcke,_Hob.XIX:1-32_(Haydn,_Joseph)
*3 concertos in C Major (1760):
Concerto per l’organo: no. 1
http://imslp.org/wiki/Keyboard_Concerto_in_C_major,_Hob.XVIII:1_(Haydn,_Joseph)
Concerto per l’organo: no. 2 is available in the Brigham Young University Harold B. Lee Library, call #M 1108 .H3 H.XVIII,8 1962


==Recordings==
==Recordings==
Line 59: Line 87:


===Free Online===
===Free Online===
Replace this text with information on online recordings that are available free
Haydn: Organ Concerto no. 1 in C major: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUmwoNd0QMY
 
Haydn: Organ Concerto no. 2 in C major: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7rdrZwn6QY
 
Haydn: Organ Concerto no. 3 in C major: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-rrUpRXMFE
 
Haydn: Little Organ Mass: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ak-dweovbSo
 
Haydn: Great Organ Mass: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0NOv0ku6SM&list=PL6DHQD8uW59xF1MHcEU-w0OTjq0Biw7fY
 
Haydn: Three pieces for Flute Clock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcaQXXEUDWU


===Pay to Listen===
Haydn: Works for Flute Clock, Hob. XIX, arranged for organ: http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=BIS-CD-609
Replace this text with information on online recordings that are available for a fee


==Other Resources==
==Other Resources==

Latest revision as of 17:23, 10 September 2014

Synopsis

Austrian classical composer who invented the Sonata-Allegro form.

  • Born March 31, 1732 in Rohrau, Austria
  • 1739-1749 Haydn became a choirboy at Stephansdom in Vienna, where his musical education was directed by Georg Reutter. He studied singing, harpsichord, and violin, and sang both at St. Stephan's and at the court of Maria Theresa.
  • 1751-1760 Haydn was a freelance musician, teacher, and composer in Vienna. At first he lived in Michaelerhaus, attached to Vienna's Michaelerkirche, in what he described as squalid conditions, making his living initially as a private music teacher, composing late at night. As time went on, however, he made many musical friends, enjoyed some temporary patronage, and received advice on composition from the famous Italian musician Porpora. His Organ Concerto in C major, H XVIII:1, was dated 1756, and his compositional output "increased exponentially" (see the Oxford article cited below) during this time.
  • 26 November 1760 Haydn was married to Maria Anna Aloysia Apollonia Keller. The marriage was unhappy, and the couple had no children.
  • 1761-1790 Haydn enjoyed the patronage of the Esterhazy court, first as vice-Kapellmeister, the Kapellmeister, and later as a freelance composer. He became responsible all instrumental, vocal, and stage music at the court, secular at first, then later sacred as well after the elderly Kapellmeister passed away and Haydn succeeded him. Haydn's early compositions at court included many symphonies as well as solo instrumental works. He followed the court as it moved throughout the year, living in Esterhaza castle, Eisenstadt, and Vienna.
  • 1766-1790 Haydn became Kapellmeister and began composing many religious works, including the Great Organ Mass and the Little Organ Mass. Haydn's religious compositions usually included voices, orchestra, and organ obligato. The organ part was often played by Haydn himself.
  • 1776-1783 The Esterhazy's built a stage at Esterhaza Castle and began living there nearly all year. Haydn began composing numerous operas, and his symphonic and other instrumental work declined during this period. However, in 1783, Haydn stopped composing operas.
  • 1779-1790 Haydn became able to support himself through the sale and performance of his instrumental works. During this time period much of his musical life occurred in Vienna, although he still spent most of the year in the country at Esterhaza. In Vienna he became friends with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and met the young Ludwig van Beethoven.
  • 1791-1795 Haydn travelled and worked in London, where he composed his works for "Flute Clock," or mechanical flute organ, along with numerous other famous works. In London he experienced the height of his fame and of his compositional output.
  • 1792 Haydn began teaching Beethoven.
  • 1795 Haydn, now famous, returned to Vienna full-time.
  • 1797 Haydn composed his oratorio, "The Creation."
  • 1799-1803 Haydn's musical activity declined due to age. By 1803 he no longer composed.
  • Died May 31, 1809 in Vienna, Austria

For details, see the Wikipedia article on Joseph Haydn[1].

All Music article on Haydn's musical importance http://www.allmusic.com/artist/franz-joseph-haydn-mn0000168380/biography

Oxford Music Online biography of Haydn (subscription required) http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/44593?q=Haydn&search=quick&pos=2&_start=1#firsthit

List of Organ Works

Click to sort by opus number, title, or year of composition or publication
Opus Title Year
Op. ?? Title year
Op. ?? Title year
Op. ?? Title year
Op. ?? Title year
Op. ?? Title year
Op. ?? Title year
Op. ?? Title year

Here are some general distinguishing characteristics of Haydn's organ works:

  • Sonata-Allegro form, often lacking secondary themes in the exposition, with the development more contrapuntal
  • Registration relatively simple, often for flutes or clear principals
  • less or no pedal use, “easy” keys due to Haydn's keyboard inclinations and also to the restrictions imposed by organs he had access to (shortened keyboards and incomplete pedal ranks)
  • lots of "filigree" flourishes in manual work.

Registration and Organs

Early in his career, Haydn lived near and played the organ at Michaelerkirche in Vienna, which is still extant. This organ has 2 manuals and a set of pedals, each of which is shortened and only includes select notes below A 110 Hz at the 8' pitch. This organ is consistent with Haydn's organ compositions in both range and registration possibilities.

Here are some photos of the Michaelerkirche organ:

See the footnote in the "Notes" section at the bottom of the page[1]

Fingering and Pedaling

Replace this text with information on fingering and pedaling that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces

Articulation and Phrasing

Replace this text with information on articulation and phrasing that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces

Ornamentation

Replace this text with information on ornamentation that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces

Tempo and Meter

Replace this text with information on tempo and meter that might be applicable to the whole set of pieces

  • 32 pieces for mechanical flute organ (Spieluhrstücke)

http://imslp.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6tenuhrst%C3%BCcke,_Hob.XIX:1-32_(Haydn,_Joseph)

  • 3 concertos in C Major (1760):

Concerto per l’organo: no. 1 http://imslp.org/wiki/Keyboard_Concerto_in_C_major,_Hob.XVIII:1_(Haydn,_Joseph) Concerto per l’organo: no. 2 is available in the Brigham Young University Harold B. Lee Library, call #M 1108 .H3 H.XVIII,8 1962

Recordings

Replace this text with information on recordings

Free Online

Haydn: Organ Concerto no. 1 in C major: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUmwoNd0QMY

Haydn: Organ Concerto no. 2 in C major: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7rdrZwn6QY

Haydn: Organ Concerto no. 3 in C major: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-rrUpRXMFE

Haydn: Little Organ Mass: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ak-dweovbSo

Haydn: Great Organ Mass: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0NOv0ku6SM&list=PL6DHQD8uW59xF1MHcEU-w0OTjq0Biw7fY

Haydn: Three pieces for Flute Clock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcaQXXEUDWU

Haydn: Works for Flute Clock, Hob. XIX, arranged for organ: http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=BIS-CD-609

Other Resources

Replace this text with information on other resources that might be pertinent to performing these pieces

Notes

  1. This footnote was entered in the "Registration and Organs" section

This space is for automatic insertion of footnotes. To enter a footnote from anywhere in the article, start by typing the tag <ref> and then enter the text, and type the tag </ref> to end the footnote. The footnote will then appear in this "Notes" section automatically.